I have a feeling, and I may be totally wrong, but I wonder if in “traditional cultures” (however broadly you want to define that) the notion of an “individual identity” even existed. It may be that you were first and foremost a member of your tribe or clan and then your lodge or your family and then you yourself were merely a link in a chain between ancestors and descendents, and your “identity” was more a matter of how well you fulfilled your societal role. I’m probably wrong, but that sounds basically right to me. One possible proof of that might be how in some cultures, the surname (family name) comes first and the individual name comes second. I feel like that says a lot…
It seems like that is basically the opposite of how the average American perceives themself nowadays. We start with the individual and then MAYBE work outwards in concentric spheres {See also: 8 Dynamics of Scientology}. Most of our cultural identity (our reaching towards other people - if done at all) is composed of likes and dislikes for media artifacts: movies, music, books, magazines, clothes, etc.
I don’t necessarily think either way is right or wrong. I think how people are is how they are and people have the ability to develop awareness of themselves and their relationships with other people and actively change them. That’s probably the most important point.