This field is rather complex, so it pays to learn your lingo if you want to get involved in it or simply learn more about it. Terms I have been collecting (thanks to various readers for educating me on them!):

1. Anonymous internet banking: “Anonymous Internet Banking is the name given to the proposed use of strong financial cryptography to make electronic bank secrecy (or more precisely pseudonymous banking) possible. The bank issues currency in the form of electronic tokens that can be converted on presentation to the bank to some other currency. This concept has a long history in which free banking institutions have issued their own paper currency often backed by a physical commodity.”
2. Yodelbank: “Yodel Bank was an online anonymous banking system which ended operations during November of 2005. Yodel Bank was not a registered company in any country, its operator’s identity is unknown, and it existed entirely outside any countries’ laws.”
3. Cipherspace: “Cipherspace or cypherspace is the encrypted (and often pseudonymous or fully anonymous) equivalent to cyberspace. Examples of cipherspaces include Freenet, I2P, and some anonymous mail-forwarding services. Another example would be Tor anonymity network.”
4. The Common Economic Protocols: Libertarian economic principles that operate outside of national laws (from what little I’ve read on it)
5. Digital Monetary Trust: “Digital Monetary Trust was an anonymous internet banking system using electronic money.

   It consisted of a three-layered computer system. Its function was to abstract the identity of the account owner from the accounts. That is, the account holders transfer money into the DMT network, which becomes the legal owner of the money. Then, the account holder can make a private DMT transfer to another account in the system,. The system is based on trust between the “bank” and the account holders, hence the name.”

6. Smart Contracts: “Smart contracts are computer protocols that facilitate, verify, or enforce the negotiation or performance of a contract, or that obviate the need for a contractual clause. Smart contracts usually also have a user interface and often emulate the logic of contractual clauses. Proponents of smart contracts claim that many kinds contractual clauses may thus be made partially or fully self-executing, self-enforcing, or both. Smart contracts aim to provide security superior to traditional contract law and to reduce other transaction costs associated with contracting.”
7. Freenet: “In computer science, Freenet is a decentralized, censorship-resistant distributed data store originally designed by Ian Clarke. Freenet aims to provide freedom of speech through a peer-to-peer network with strong protection of anonymity. Freenet works by pooling the contributed bandwidth and storage space of member computers to allow users to anonymously publish or retrieve various kinds of information.”
8. Tor (anonymity network): “Tor (The Onion Router) is a free software implementation of second-generation onion routing – a system enabling its users to communicate anonymously on the Internet. Originally sponsored by the US Naval Research Laboratory, Tor became an Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) project in late 2004.”

Any other good terms for people just learning about this stuff you would recommend on top of that?