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	<title>Comments on: Carnival Culture 06: Peace-Keepers</title>
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	<pubDate>Sun, 22 Nov 2009 17:33:37 +0000</pubDate>
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		<title>By: Carnival Culture 00: Introduction - [tmbchr]â„¢</title>
		<link>http://www.timboucher.com/journal/2008/01/16/carnival-culture-06-peace-keepers/comment-page-1/#comment-116293</link>
		<dc:creator>Carnival Culture 00: Introduction - [tmbchr]â„¢</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 23 Nov 2008 21:44:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.timboucher.com/journal/2008/01/16/carnival-culture-06-peace-keepers/#comment-116293</guid>
		<description>[...] PEACE-KEEPERS [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] PEACE-KEEPERS [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Greg</title>
		<link>http://www.timboucher.com/journal/2008/01/16/carnival-culture-06-peace-keepers/comment-page-1/#comment-96118</link>
		<dc:creator>Greg</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 20 Jan 2008 14:29:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.timboucher.com/journal/2008/01/16/carnival-culture-06-peace-keepers/#comment-96118</guid>
		<description>This is a carry-over from Le Chevalier.  I wrote in my post there that though the knight has gained power because of his devotion to his lady and loyalty to his lord, he had not become an originating source of value.  I mean by that that he was not yet a pivot about which the world could turn.  The sword symbolizes the rational, the reasonable.   There is something so reasonable, so realistic about Machiavelli, you know?  "He lived in the real world" a lot of people would say.  And it doesn't matter whether or not its the way you want it to be.  except that you can choose to not define yourself, to not have yourself shaped by these forces.  The law of the jungle is there, but deeper than predator-prey is mutualism, the blind imitation of love.

Instead of channeling libido into projection if the knight could let the kundalini rise and meet Shiva what would his sword become?   The lady in the lake hands him Excalibur.  It's the Sword of Shannara, the weapon that forces you to see the truth about yourself.  This is the conversion of the fool into the prophet.  The king's power is always going to evolve a predator to eat it.  In the prophet, the King's peace has reached its term, in the time that was bought something germinated and now the prophet is going to lead the people out of Babylon.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is a carry-over from Le Chevalier.  I wrote in my post there that though the knight has gained power because of his devotion to his lady and loyalty to his lord, he had not become an originating source of value.  I mean by that that he was not yet a pivot about which the world could turn.  The sword symbolizes the rational, the reasonable.   There is something so reasonable, so realistic about Machiavelli, you know?  &#8220;He lived in the real world&#8221; a lot of people would say.  And it doesn&#8217;t matter whether or not its the way you want it to be.  except that you can choose to not define yourself, to not have yourself shaped by these forces.  The law of the jungle is there, but deeper than predator-prey is mutualism, the blind imitation of love.</p>
<p>Instead of channeling libido into projection if the knight could let the kundalini rise and meet Shiva what would his sword become?   The lady in the lake hands him Excalibur.  It&#8217;s the Sword of Shannara, the weapon that forces you to see the truth about yourself.  This is the conversion of the fool into the prophet.  The king&#8217;s power is always going to evolve a predator to eat it.  In the prophet, the King&#8217;s peace has reached its term, in the time that was bought something germinated and now the prophet is going to lead the people out of Babylon.</p>
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		<title>By: Tim Boucher</title>
		<link>http://www.timboucher.com/journal/2008/01/16/carnival-culture-06-peace-keepers/comment-page-1/#comment-95628</link>
		<dc:creator>Tim Boucher</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 Jan 2008 19:33:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.timboucher.com/journal/2008/01/16/carnival-culture-06-peace-keepers/#comment-95628</guid>
		<description>Relevant to the agent provocateur discussion:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unlawful_combatant

&lt;blockquote&gt;According to some legal authorities in the United States, international law recognizes a distinction between agents and soldiers of an enemy power. Once captured, an enemy soldier is entitled to international law protections applicable to prisoners of war (POWs). However, according to the US view, an agent who is captured after engaging in, or conspiring to engage in, war time hostilities against an opposing power cannot claim the legal protections available to soldiers. Instead, according to the US view, a captured agent is considered either an unlawful combatant or an unprivileged combatant/belligerent. Notably, existing human rights treaties, which are themselves sources of international law, do not classify persons as either unlawful combatants or unprivileged combatants/belligerents, and moreover do not contain these terms.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Idema

&lt;blockquote&gt;Jonathan Keith "Jack" Idema is an American citizen convicted in September 2004 for running a private prison in Afghanistan and torturing Afghan citizens. At the time of his arrest and conviction, Idema had been portraying himself as a U.S. government-sponsored special forces operative on a mission to apprehend terrorists. However, the U.S. government has repeatedly refuted such claims. Idema was granted a pardon by Afghanistan's president Hamid Karzai in April 2007, departing Afghanistan in early June, having served three years of a ten-year sentence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-person

&lt;blockquote&gt;The "non person" status can also be consciously or unconsciously applied to unwanted persons (demonizing them) by their surrounding society. Such can be the case of a state versus homeless or marginal people or it can be extended and applied versus an entire nation or ethnic group, as it often happens in wars or other conflicts. This was the case for example of the Nazi state versus the Jews or of most societies versus the Gypsies, but it is often applied in times of war versus the enemy nation, by stripping its people of their "person status" and demonizing them, making them appear like monsters (not humans) and thus indirectly justifying any excess or abuse committed against them.

It can be argued that the "non-person" status, apart from the Nazi camps, can be found in its most literal form when considering certain prisoners of war, especially if they are or are considered to be illegal combatants. An example of that could be the Guantanamo bay prison where several people from all over the world are held without public precise charges against them, are denied any form of access to the outside world (and vice-versa) and are in an unclear/controversial legal status, apart from partial or total anonymity.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unperson#Unperson



&lt;blockquote&gt;Unperson is a person who has been "vaporized"; who has been not only killed by the state, but effectively erased from existence. Such a person would be written out of existing books, photographs, and articles so that no trace of their existence could be found in the historical record. The idea is that such a person would, according to the principles of doublethink, be forgotten completely (for it would be impossible to provide evidence of their existence), even by close friends and family members, and mentioning his/her name, or even mentioning of their past existence, is thoughtcrime. (The concept that the person may have existed at one time, and has disappeared, cannot be expressed in Newspeak.) Compare to the Stalinist practice of erasing people from photographs after their death.

A similar punishment, damnatio memoriae, was used in the Roman Empire.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statelessness
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stateless_person</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Relevant to the agent provocateur discussion:</p>
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unlawful_combatant" rel="nofollow"></a><a href='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unlawful_combatant'>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unlawful_combatant</a></p>
<blockquote><p>According to some legal authorities in the United States, international law recognizes a distinction between agents and soldiers of an enemy power. Once captured, an enemy soldier is entitled to international law protections applicable to prisoners of war (POWs). However, according to the US view, an agent who is captured after engaging in, or conspiring to engage in, war time hostilities against an opposing power cannot claim the legal protections available to soldiers. Instead, according to the US view, a captured agent is considered either an unlawful combatant or an unprivileged combatant/belligerent. Notably, existing human rights treaties, which are themselves sources of international law, do not classify persons as either unlawful combatants or unprivileged combatants/belligerents, and moreover do not contain these terms.</p></blockquote>
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Idema" rel="nofollow"></a><a href='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Idema'>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Idema</a></p>
<blockquote><p>Jonathan Keith &#8220;Jack&#8221; Idema is an American citizen convicted in September 2004 for running a private prison in Afghanistan and torturing Afghan citizens. At the time of his arrest and conviction, Idema had been portraying himself as a U.S. government-sponsored special forces operative on a mission to apprehend terrorists. However, the U.S. government has repeatedly refuted such claims. Idema was granted a pardon by Afghanistan&#8217;s president Hamid Karzai in April 2007, departing Afghanistan in early June, having served three years of a ten-year sentence.</p></blockquote>
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-person" rel="nofollow"></a><a href='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-person'>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-person</a></p>
<blockquote><p>The &#8220;non person&#8221; status can also be consciously or unconsciously applied to unwanted persons (demonizing them) by their surrounding society. Such can be the case of a state versus homeless or marginal people or it can be extended and applied versus an entire nation or ethnic group, as it often happens in wars or other conflicts. This was the case for example of the Nazi state versus the Jews or of most societies versus the Gypsies, but it is often applied in times of war versus the enemy nation, by stripping its people of their &#8220;person status&#8221; and demonizing them, making them appear like monsters (not humans) and thus indirectly justifying any excess or abuse committed against them.</p>
<p>It can be argued that the &#8220;non-person&#8221; status, apart from the Nazi camps, can be found in its most literal form when considering certain prisoners of war, especially if they are or are considered to be illegal combatants. An example of that could be the Guantanamo bay prison where several people from all over the world are held without public precise charges against them, are denied any form of access to the outside world (and vice-versa) and are in an unclear/controversial legal status, apart from partial or total anonymity.</p></blockquote>
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unperson#Unperson" rel="nofollow"></a><a href='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unperson#Unperson'>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unperson#Unperson</a></p>
<blockquote><p>Unperson is a person who has been &#8220;vaporized&#8221;; who has been not only killed by the state, but effectively erased from existence. Such a person would be written out of existing books, photographs, and articles so that no trace of their existence could be found in the historical record. The idea is that such a person would, according to the principles of doublethink, be forgotten completely (for it would be impossible to provide evidence of their existence), even by close friends and family members, and mentioning his/her name, or even mentioning of their past existence, is thoughtcrime. (The concept that the person may have existed at one time, and has disappeared, cannot be expressed in Newspeak.) Compare to the Stalinist practice of erasing people from photographs after their death.</p>
<p>A similar punishment, damnatio memoriae, was used in the Roman Empire.</p></blockquote>
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statelessness" rel="nofollow"></a><a href='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statelessness'>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statelessness</a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stateless_person" rel="nofollow"></a><a href='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stateless_person'>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stateless_person</a></p>
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		<title>By: Tim Boucher</title>
		<link>http://www.timboucher.com/journal/2008/01/16/carnival-culture-06-peace-keepers/comment-page-1/#comment-95627</link>
		<dc:creator>Tim Boucher</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 Jan 2008 19:25:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.timboucher.com/journal/2008/01/16/carnival-culture-06-peace-keepers/#comment-95627</guid>
		<description>Korean outcastes: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baekjeong 

&lt;blockquote&gt;Before the Mongol invasions in mid-13th century the outcasts in Korea, called the kolisuchae, were divided very lightly into two camps; the hwachae or suchae, who hunted and butchered, and were seen as crude; and the jaein, who were principally actors, entertainers, minstrels, prostitutes, and so on, and were sometimes described as â€œfrivolousâ€. Near the end of the Goryeo era the term hwachae-suchae replaced kolisuchae to refer to the outcasts, before the groups were divided into separate classes altogether, the hwachae and the jaein, who were then seen as distinct groups.

The term baekjeong itself means â€œcommon peopleâ€. In the early part of the Goryeo period (918 - 1392), the outcast groups were largely settled in fixed communities. However the Mongol invasion left Korea in disarray and anomie, and these groups began to become nomadic.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

This all feels very timely and relevant for some reason, or maybe timeless is a better term:

&lt;blockquote&gt;In the early part of the Joseon Dynasty, King Sejong had attempted to assimilate the outcast groups, who had been engaging in banditry. He ordered that they be registered, settled into fixed communities, made to work agriculture, and even ordering their intermarriage with other commoners. However, this policy was a failure, in no small part because the outcasts themselves refused to cooperate with the authorities, having little interest in farming and agriculture, and instead continued to thieve cattle and operate as nomads. By the 15th century, attempts to assimilate the outcasts were abandoned, and the outcasts were forced into fixed ghettos on the outskirts of towns and villages. The baekjeong were not given free reign over their own ghettos, and as the population increased, they were not generally allotted any more land, resulting in overcrowding. The communities themselves were largely autonomous, with strong internal organization and solidarity. In all but the most serious crimes, order was maintained from within. Although they were not registered citizens and had no civil rights, this worked to their advantage in several ways; they were excused from military service, compulsory labor, and paying taxes. Most importantly, the baekjeong had a monopoly over their special occupations, with both social control and strong resistance preventing others from entering their fields of work.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In Japan: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burakumin



&lt;blockquote&gt;Fundamental Shinto beliefs equated goodness and godliness with purity and cleanliness, and they further held that impurities could cling to things and persons, making them evil or sinful. But a person could become seriously contaminated by habitually killing animals or committing some hideous misdeed that ripped at the fabric of the community, such as engaging in incest or bestiality. Such persons, custom decreed, had to be cast out from the rest of society, condemned to wander from place to place, surviving as best they could by begging or by earning a few coins as itinerant singers, dancers, mimes, and acrobats.&lt;/blockquote&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Korean outcastes: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baekjeong" rel="nofollow"></a><a href='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baekjeong'>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baekjeong</a> </p>
<blockquote><p>Before the Mongol invasions in mid-13th century the outcasts in Korea, called the kolisuchae, were divided very lightly into two camps; the hwachae or suchae, who hunted and butchered, and were seen as crude; and the jaein, who were principally actors, entertainers, minstrels, prostitutes, and so on, and were sometimes described as â€œfrivolousâ€. Near the end of the Goryeo era the term hwachae-suchae replaced kolisuchae to refer to the outcasts, before the groups were divided into separate classes altogether, the hwachae and the jaein, who were then seen as distinct groups.</p>
<p>The term baekjeong itself means â€œcommon peopleâ€. In the early part of the Goryeo period (918 - 1392), the outcast groups were largely settled in fixed communities. However the Mongol invasion left Korea in disarray and anomie, and these groups began to become nomadic.</p></blockquote>
<p>This all feels very timely and relevant for some reason, or maybe timeless is a better term:</p>
<blockquote><p>In the early part of the Joseon Dynasty, King Sejong had attempted to assimilate the outcast groups, who had been engaging in banditry. He ordered that they be registered, settled into fixed communities, made to work agriculture, and even ordering their intermarriage with other commoners. However, this policy was a failure, in no small part because the outcasts themselves refused to cooperate with the authorities, having little interest in farming and agriculture, and instead continued to thieve cattle and operate as nomads. By the 15th century, attempts to assimilate the outcasts were abandoned, and the outcasts were forced into fixed ghettos on the outskirts of towns and villages. The baekjeong were not given free reign over their own ghettos, and as the population increased, they were not generally allotted any more land, resulting in overcrowding. The communities themselves were largely autonomous, with strong internal organization and solidarity. In all but the most serious crimes, order was maintained from within. Although they were not registered citizens and had no civil rights, this worked to their advantage in several ways; they were excused from military service, compulsory labor, and paying taxes. Most importantly, the baekjeong had a monopoly over their special occupations, with both social control and strong resistance preventing others from entering their fields of work.</p></blockquote>
<p>In Japan: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burakumin" rel="nofollow"></a><a href='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burakumin'>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burakumin</a></p>
<blockquote><p>Fundamental Shinto beliefs equated goodness and godliness with purity and cleanliness, and they further held that impurities could cling to things and persons, making them evil or sinful. But a person could become seriously contaminated by habitually killing animals or committing some hideous misdeed that ripped at the fabric of the community, such as engaging in incest or bestiality. Such persons, custom decreed, had to be cast out from the rest of society, condemned to wander from place to place, surviving as best they could by begging or by earning a few coins as itinerant singers, dancers, mimes, and acrobats.</p></blockquote>
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		<title>By: Tim Boucher</title>
		<link>http://www.timboucher.com/journal/2008/01/16/carnival-culture-06-peace-keepers/comment-page-1/#comment-95622</link>
		<dc:creator>Tim Boucher</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 Jan 2008 18:38:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.timboucher.com/journal/2008/01/16/carnival-culture-06-peace-keepers/#comment-95622</guid>
		<description>Yeah I need to go back in and re-write a section about how omega wolves get turned away and start their own packs - if they don't die in the process. And how Jesus says, "I am the Alpha and the Omega."

The Omega is, of course, the &lt;a href="http://www.timboucher.com/journal/2007/11/15/carnival-culture-01-the-holy-fool/"&gt;Holy Fool&lt;/a&gt; &#038; the Outlaw. And "Carnival Culture" is essentially what the Peace-Keeper protects against, because it represents not only a separate and independent power structure to the social order he's defending, but it also carries with it social mores, norms and standards which cut against his own, especially by violating taboos and bio-cultural imprints which hold together social institutions.

See also:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariah
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Untouchable_%28social_system%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sacer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exile
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugee

And here's another connection between feudalism and modern law enforcement: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serjeanty

And another quote to support the knight subject:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight%27s_fee

&lt;blockquote&gt;A knight was expected to be self-sufficient from the proceeds of the fief, to support his family, arm himself, stable a war horse, pay his own taxes and duties, and keep up his appearance of gentility as a member of the noble (fighting) class.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Oh, and the "Made man" quote above reminds me a hell of a lot about how you're always hearing talk of almost divine retribution coming down on the heads of "cop-killers"</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yeah I need to go back in and re-write a section about how omega wolves get turned away and start their own packs - if they don&#8217;t die in the process. And how Jesus says, &#8220;I am the Alpha and the Omega.&#8221;</p>
<p>The Omega is, of course, the <a href="http://www.timboucher.com/journal/2007/11/15/carnival-culture-01-the-holy-fool/">Holy Fool</a> &#038; the Outlaw. And &#8220;Carnival Culture&#8221; is essentially what the Peace-Keeper protects against, because it represents not only a separate and independent power structure to the social order he&#8217;s defending, but it also carries with it social mores, norms and standards which cut against his own, especially by violating taboos and bio-cultural imprints which hold together social institutions.</p>
<p>See also:</p>
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariah" rel="nofollow"></a><a href='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariah'>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariah</a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Untouchable_%28social_system%29" rel="nofollow"></a><a href='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Untouchable_%28social_system%29'>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Untouchable_%28social_system%29</a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sacer" rel="nofollow"></a><a href='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sacer'>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sacer</a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exile" rel="nofollow"></a><a href='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exile'>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exile</a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugee" rel="nofollow"></a><a href='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugee'>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugee</a></p>
<p>And here&#8217;s another connection between feudalism and modern law enforcement: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serjeanty" rel="nofollow"></a><a href='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serjeanty'>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serjeanty</a></p>
<p>And another quote to support the knight subject:</p>
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight%27s_fee" rel="nofollow"></a><a href='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight%27s_fee'>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight%27s_fee</a></p>
<blockquote><p>A knight was expected to be self-sufficient from the proceeds of the fief, to support his family, arm himself, stable a war horse, pay his own taxes and duties, and keep up his appearance of gentility as a member of the noble (fighting) class.</p></blockquote>
<p>Oh, and the &#8220;Made man&#8221; quote above reminds me a hell of a lot about how you&#8217;re always hearing talk of almost divine retribution coming down on the heads of &#8220;cop-killers&#8221;</p>
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		<title>By: carlos</title>
		<link>http://www.timboucher.com/journal/2008/01/16/carnival-culture-06-peace-keepers/comment-page-1/#comment-95550</link>
		<dc:creator>carlos</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 Jan 2008 11:51:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.timboucher.com/journal/2008/01/16/carnival-culture-06-peace-keepers/#comment-95550</guid>
		<description>Nice work! I like this of course:

&lt;blockquote&gt;They do not give the other wolves orders. The alphas simply have the most freedom to choose where they would like to go and what they would like to do, and the rest of the pack usually follows along.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Usually. But when they don't they become competitors.

Never go against the family.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Nice work! I like this of course:</p>
<blockquote><p>They do not give the other wolves orders. The alphas simply have the most freedom to choose where they would like to go and what they would like to do, and the rest of the pack usually follows along.</p></blockquote>
<p>Usually. But when they don&#8217;t they become competitors.</p>
<p>Never go against the family.</p>
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		<title>By: Tim Boucher</title>
		<link>http://www.timboucher.com/journal/2008/01/16/carnival-culture-06-peace-keepers/comment-page-1/#comment-95544</link>
		<dc:creator>Tim Boucher</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 Jan 2008 09:43:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.timboucher.com/journal/2008/01/16/carnival-culture-06-peace-keepers/#comment-95544</guid>
		<description>Meant to work these reference in but lost steam:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militia

&lt;blockquote&gt;In the British colony of Massachusetts Bay, all able-bodied men between the ages of 16 and 60 were required to participate in their local militia[2]. As early as 1645 in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, some men were selected from the general ranks of town-based "training bands" to be ready for rapid deployment. Men so selected were designated as Minutemen. They were usually drawn from settlers of each town, and so it was very common for them to be fighting alongside relatives and friends. They were trained to respond "at a minutes warning".[3] Some towns in Massachusetts had a long history of designating a portion of their militia as Minutemen, with "minute companies" constituting special units within the militia system whose members underwent additional training and held themselves ready to turn out quickly ("at a minute's notice") for emergencies. Other towns, such as Lexington, preferred to keep their entire militia in a single unit.

Many Minutemen were 25 years of age or younger, and were chosen for their enthusiasm, political reliability, and strength. They were the first armed militia to arrive at or await a battle. Officers, as in the rest of the militia, were elected by popular vote, and each unit drafted a formal written covenant to be signed upon enlistment. The militia typically assembled as an entire unit in each town between two and four times per year for training during peacetime, but as the inevitability of a war became apparent, the militia trained more often. The minute companies trained three to four times per week. It was common for officers to make decisions through consultation and consensus with their men as opposed to giving orders to be followed without question, sometimes even in the midst of battle.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Made_man

&lt;blockquote&gt;To attack, let alone kill, a made man for any reason without the permission of those mafioso higher up in the organization is seen as a cardinal sin which will normally be met with severe retaliation, in many cases regardless of whether the perpetrator has a legitimate grievance. The made man was traditionally seen as untouchable by the law as well as by his fellow criminals, a man to be respected and feared. Accordingly, in light of the successes made in recent decades by law enforcement agencies in breaking up such criminal enterprises, the prestige and benefits once accorded to a made man are on the decline.&lt;/blockquote&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Meant to work these reference in but lost steam:</p>
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militia" rel="nofollow"></a><a href='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militia'>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militia</a></p>
<blockquote><p>In the British colony of Massachusetts Bay, all able-bodied men between the ages of 16 and 60 were required to participate in their local militia[2]. As early as 1645 in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, some men were selected from the general ranks of town-based &#8220;training bands&#8221; to be ready for rapid deployment. Men so selected were designated as Minutemen. They were usually drawn from settlers of each town, and so it was very common for them to be fighting alongside relatives and friends. They were trained to respond &#8220;at a minutes warning&#8221;.[3] Some towns in Massachusetts had a long history of designating a portion of their militia as Minutemen, with &#8220;minute companies&#8221; constituting special units within the militia system whose members underwent additional training and held themselves ready to turn out quickly (&#8221;at a minute&#8217;s notice&#8221;) for emergencies. Other towns, such as Lexington, preferred to keep their entire militia in a single unit.</p>
<p>Many Minutemen were 25 years of age or younger, and were chosen for their enthusiasm, political reliability, and strength. They were the first armed militia to arrive at or await a battle. Officers, as in the rest of the militia, were elected by popular vote, and each unit drafted a formal written covenant to be signed upon enlistment. The militia typically assembled as an entire unit in each town between two and four times per year for training during peacetime, but as the inevitability of a war became apparent, the militia trained more often. The minute companies trained three to four times per week. It was common for officers to make decisions through consultation and consensus with their men as opposed to giving orders to be followed without question, sometimes even in the midst of battle.</p></blockquote>
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Made_man" rel="nofollow"></a><a href='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Made_man'>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Made_man</a></p>
<blockquote><p>To attack, let alone kill, a made man for any reason without the permission of those mafioso higher up in the organization is seen as a cardinal sin which will normally be met with severe retaliation, in many cases regardless of whether the perpetrator has a legitimate grievance. The made man was traditionally seen as untouchable by the law as well as by his fellow criminals, a man to be respected and feared. Accordingly, in light of the successes made in recent decades by law enforcement agencies in breaking up such criminal enterprises, the prestige and benefits once accorded to a made man are on the decline.</p></blockquote>
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